AllTechBee: RFID

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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RFID stands for </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Radio-Frequency IDentification</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">RFID technology has been available for more than fifty years.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">One reason that it has taken so long for RFID to come into common use is the lack of standards in the industry.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2uCHdD-fFRUCKm90TDUghrIxccnkBHRkCIV7MCHlQSIr-XCe5GaGZBQBfWdghCP-sJwp_OpkAtPkfqfNgEfZn8e65q1-eo-jF6hxlAkvE9B3TMnJ8pPdTHkdR-A006tKmFxT7J-eoV08/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="RFID CHIP Physical View" border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2uCHdD-fFRUCKm90TDUghrIxccnkBHRkCIV7MCHlQSIr-XCe5GaGZBQBfWdghCP-sJwp_OpkAtPkfqfNgEfZn8e65q1-eo-jF6hxlAkvE9B3TMnJ8pPdTHkdR-A006tKmFxT7J-eoV08/s320/download.jpg" title="RFID" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The RFID device serves the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a credit card or ATM card; it provides a unique identifier for that object. And, just as a bar code or magnetic strip must be scanned to get the information, the RFID device must be scanned to retrieve the identifying information.</span><br />
<b style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Radio-frequency identification</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> (</span><b style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">RFID</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">) is the wireless use of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_field" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Electromagnetic field"><span style="color: black;">electromagnetic fields</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> RFID is one method for </span>Automatic Identification and Data Capture<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> (AIDC).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">In 2014, the world RFID market is worth $8.89 billion, up from $7.77 billion in 2013 and $6.96 billion in 2012. This includes tags, readers, and software/services for RFID cards, labels, fobs, and all other form factors. The market value is expected to rise to $27.31 billion by 2024.</span><br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Government_control">Government control </span></h3>
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Some individuals have grown to fear the loss of rights due to RFID human implantation.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">By early 2007, </span>Chris Paget<span style="font-size: 14px;"> of San Francisco, California, showed that RFID information can be pulled from individuals by using only $250 worth of equipment. This supports the claim that with the information captured, it would be relatively simple to make counterfeit passports.</span><span style="font-size: 11.6666669845581px;"> </span></div>
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According to ZDNet, critics believe that RFID will lead to tracking individuals' every movement and will be an invasion of privacy.  In the book <i>SpyChips: How Major Corporations and Government Plan to Track Your Every Move</i> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Albrecht" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Katherine Albrecht">Katherine Albrecht</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_McIntyre_(writer)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Liz McIntyre (writer)">Liz McIntyre</a>, one is encouraged to "imagine a world of no privacy. Where your every purchase is monitored and recorded in a database and your every belonging is numbered. Where someone many states away or perhaps in another country has a record of everything you have ever bought. What's more, they can be tracked and monitored remotely"</div>
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Common Problems with RFID</h4>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: normal;">Some common problems with RFID are reader collision and tag collision. Reader collision occurs when the signals from two or more readers overlap. The tag is unable to respond to simultaneous queries. Systems must be carefully set up to avoid this problem. Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond one at a time. See Problems with RFID for more details.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Frequencies">Frequencies</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; display: inline-block; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio-frequency_identification&action=edit&section=5" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Edit section: Frequencies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 1em 0px;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">RFID frequency bands <span style="font-size: 13.3333330154419px;"> </span></caption><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Band</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Regulations</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Range</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Data speed</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">ISO/IEC 18000Section</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Remarks</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Approximate tag cost<br />
in volume (2006) US $</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">120–150 kHz (LF)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Unregulated</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">10 cm</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Low</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Part 2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Animal identification, factory data collection</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$1</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">13.56 MHz (HF)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISM_band" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="ISM band">ISM band</a>worldwide</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">10 cm - 1 m</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Low to moderate</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_18000-3" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="ISO/IEC 18000-3">Part 3</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Smart cards (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="ISO/IEC 15693">ISO/IEC 15693</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="ISO/IEC 14443">ISO/IEC 14443</a> A,B). Non fully ISO compatible memory cards (Mifare Classic, iCLASS, Legic, Felica ...). Micro processor ISO compatible cards (Desfire EV1, Seos)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$0.50 to $5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">433 MHz (UHF)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Short Range Devices</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1–100 m</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Moderate</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Part 7</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Defense applications, with active tags</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$5</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">865-868 MHz (Europe)<br />
902-928 MHz (North America) UHF</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">ISM band</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1–12 m</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Moderate to high</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46149" rel="nofollow" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%; color: #663366; padding-right: 13px; text-decoration: none;">Part 6</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">EAN, various standards</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$0.15 (passive tags)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2450-5800 MHz (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Microwave">microwave</a>)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">ISM band</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1–2 m</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">High</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Part 4</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">802.11 WLAN, Bluetooth standards</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$25 (active tags)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">3.1–10 GHz (microwave)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Ultra wide band</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">to 200 m</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">High</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Not Defined</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">requires semi-active or active tags</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">$5 projected</td></tr>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Problems_and_concerns">Problems and concerns </span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Data_flooding">Data flooding </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">Not every successful reading of a tag (an observation) is useful for business purposes. A large amount of data may be generated that is not useful for managing inventory or other applications. For example, a customer moving a product from one shelf to another, or a pallet load of articles that passes several readers while being moved in a warehouse, are events that do not produce data that is meaningful to an inventory control system.</span><span style="font-size: 11.6666669845581px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Event filtering is required to reduce this data inflow to a meaningful depiction of moving goods passing a threshold. Various concepts</span><span style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 11.1999998092651px; white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> have been designed, mainly offered as </span><i style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleware" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Middleware">middleware</a></i><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> performing the filtering from noisy and redundant raw data to significant processed data.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Global_standardization">Global standardization </span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">The frequencies used for UHF RFID in the USA are currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan. Furthermore, no emerging standard has yet become as universal as the </span>barcode<span style="font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="font-size: 11.6666669845581px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;"> To address international trade concerns, it is necessary to use a tag that is operational within all of the international frequency domains.</span></div>
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RFID Chip

RFID stands for Radio-Frequency IDentification . RFID technology has been available for more than fifty years. One reason that it has ta...